Steepled radiant-heat steam boiler



C. G. HAWLEY STEEPLED RADIANT HEAT STEAM BOILER April 17, 1928.

= Filed larch 15. 1924 Patented Apr. 17, 1928.

UNITED STATES P AT E N T O F'LCE.

CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY, 01E CHICAGO, ILLINOIS;

STEEPLED RADIANT-HEAT STEAM BOILER.

Application filed March 15, 1924. Serial No. 699,594.

maximum efiiciency and capacity may be 10 secured in a steam boiler of minimum size and cost. These results areobtained by the provision of a minor extent of heat absorbing circulating. elements so proportioned and disposed as to subdivide and take advantage of the radiant heat of the flames of a long flaming the and permit such flames Without material suppression to rise to sub stantially full or natural maturity and develop the maximum radiant heat effect; and, by providing in circulating relation there with major extent of heat absorbing elements so positioned and proportioned as to be capable oi' economically absorbing or accepting the remainder of valuable heat from the residual ases leaving. the fire chamber.

A'number of forms of boiler for producing the eflects thus briefly described are shown and described in my prior patent for steam boilers, No.= 1,486,8S8granted March 18, 1924, to which reference-may be had for a more complete description anddiscussion it necessary. For the purposes of this application it is sufiicient to say that the results of the invention may be obtained in practically any. form or type of boiler, so long as its heat absorbing circulating elements are properly proportioned and p0sitioned with reference'to the fire and flames.

The invention consists in the provision in asteam generator of the type comprising a radiant heat section of minor'extent and a convected heat section of major extent, situated above the said radiant heat section, of down-comers communicating with headers both of which are arranged vertically,said headers communicating with up-comers forming the radiant heat section of the generator.

The present application has particular relation to a boiler of steepled form, in which the heat absorbing circulating tubes of major extent for-absorbing the con'vected heat are superposed upon or he :above the combustion chamber in which the radiant heat is 10st etliciently developed and transmitted to the heat'absm'bing circulating elements of minor extent which occupy that chamber; This boiler may also, at least partlybe constructed in sectional form, With improved.

header members of simple and efiicient form and of a size convenient for transportation and erection purposes. The boiler also is well adapted for eflicient firing and does away with any necessity of large heav drums such as are-usually necessary on big pressure steam boilers, and on the contrary may embody relatively small drums; and other heat absorbing elements andstill develop the necessary high pressure to meet the modern trend of boiler practice. The arrangement of the heat absorbing circulat ing tubes is convenient forerection, renewal and repair purposes, for insertion, removal or repair of arches or baflle Walls; and, also provides the necessary available space for,

super-heater elements, where such areused. In addition, the various elements of the boiler are so disposed and arranged as to provide for rapid separation of steam with violent coursing of the water over the surfaces with which it contacts to fully protect the same, all within a minimum of space and with maximum steaming capacity for the available surface area, number and weight of tubes and other boiler elements'utilized.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation on th'e'line l1 of Fig. 2, through. one form'of boilerembodying'the invention; Fig. 2 is a partial transverse sectional elevation on' the irregular line 22 of Fig. 1; and Figs. 3 and 4 are longitudinal vertical sect-ions of" two modified forms of the boiler.

The boiler of Figs. 1 and 2' is most conveniently designed and proportioned 'to' 0ccupy two stories and, the basement, (not shown) of a boiler house. It will be understood that i the structural 1 members 0t 1 the building may conveniently-be employed for.

the supportof the heavier upperpart (the convected heat absorbing portion) of the boiler. The radiant heat 7 absorbingportion of the boiler is suspended fro'mtheconvecte heat absorbing part'sthereof:

The main floor lineis marked :2'rand the floor of the second story is marked 3;:the latter structure includes the heavy cross girders, 4, on which the convected heatportion of the boiler is erected. That portion, in" the instant case, is made up of three units, 5, each comprising: a large bank of tubes 6, andtwo headers, 7 and 8,- to which thetubes i are connected. The headers are preferably parallel. All of the parts 6, 9 and 10, are

properly perpendicular tot-he headers. Any suitable means may be used for fastening the plurality of units together mechanically. They are also in free intercommunication,

as concerns the circulation of water and steam, such intercommunication being established through the medium of the suspended wall forming cross headers, 11 and 12, the down tubes, 13 and 14,'and the riser tubes,'15 and 16.; all about to be described.

For the purposes of positively directing the circulatory flow of water andsteam within the boiler,.the eonvected heat absorbing sec tions are inclined at about five degrees to the horizontal, or more if desired; this is a v merely a matter of the relative positions of 21, is accommodated in the space the supporting frame work 4. A steam desaturator drum 17,v is connected with the headers 8,-by many tubes, 13; 19 is the out let nozzle of they boiler; and 20 represents the smoke stack. Generally the superheater 22 provided therefor directly above the drums 9 and below the tubes 6. The super-heater is diagrammatically shown in Fig. 2 and is assumed to'be connected with the outlet 19. The extensiveness of the superheater is represented by the dotted rectangle21 in Fig. 1.

The tubes 13 and 14 of the front and back rows are many innumber and are the tubes through which the water returns, i. e., flows downward to the headers 11 and 12, respectively. Incidentally, the front and back furnace walls 23,.brick, are interfitted with these tubes, which hold them in place; the weight of the walls beingsupported by the headers 11 and 12. The walls23 extend upward and tightly join the lower ends of re spective vertical headers 7 and 8, which latter in themselves complete the upper portions'of thefront and back walls of the boiler. The-side walls 25 are usually composed of brick and extend to the top of the boiler, where, in-company with. the headers 7 and 8, they support thestack base 20.

The bent tubes,-15 and 16, extend from respective headers, 11 and 12 and rise into communication with the drums, In one direction these, tubes are quite closely spaced, but in a transversedirection they are widely spaced to present the wide flame spaces, 26,

well shown in Fig. .2. These are-the chief radiant heat absorbing elements of the boiler. The flame dividing and heat absorbing fund tions of these partitiondike arrangements of tubes 15 and 1.6 Will now have become familiar through the explanations of aforesaid companion application S. N. 643,7 31, Patent Number 1,486,888. They occupy the tall combustion chamber a, within the four walls 24 and 25 and the front and back walls containing the iinbedded pipes 13 and 14, but are so few in number and so widely spaced as not to interfere with the free and natural complete combustion of the gases in the fire chamber a, at least to any material degree. In the instant case, the lire or combustion chamber a, is assumed to be employed in the combustion ofpulverized coal, gas or oil by any well known means; Obviously the lower part of the combustion chamber, 0;, may contain either hand fired grates or automatic stokers of any desired type.

To avoid over-weighting the dependent cross-headers, 11 and 12, and for reasons of convenience and low cost, the walls 13 and 14 are made comparatively thin. They are made leak proofby metal jackets that are attached to the supporting parts. To avoid loss of heat the front and back walls, 13 and 14, and associated headers, are concealed behind metal screens, 13 and 14.. These screens extend from the base of the convected heat absorbing sections, 5, to the floor 2. They are spaced away from respective walls, providing the air channels 26. At the bottom the spaces 26 communicate with openings 27, through which the heated air is drawn into the combustion chamber and there advantageously used. An air jacket, 26, may also be provided for the open side wall, 24, enabling a thin wall to be used. The wall 25, is assumed to heal mid-wall between two boilers of a battery.

The arrows of Fig. 1 so fully indicate the simple and, effective flow of the boiler contents that it seems unnecessary to describe the same in detail. In practice the boiler is fully equipped with the usual accessories common to steam boilers. Generally the boiler of Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a simple single pass boiler; that is it does not require internal baffles other than a few lines of brick, 28. to prevent too direct upward flow of the gases between the wider spaces necessarily existing between the several banks of tubes 6. However, it will be obvious that whether or not baffles are employed depends somewhat upon the number and area of the tubes 6. Where they are fewer in number it is an easy matter to arrange baffles at several points in the form of horizontal floors resting upon the lower drums 9 and the tubes 6 asshownin Fig. 3. Fig. 3 also exhibits a convected heat section of a modified form, in which the upper steam drums are dispensed with. In such cases the boiler is worked with a water line which leaves the uppermost tubes free.

34, is closed at its lower end 35, and extends outward throughthe wall 32, which latter resembles the walls wherein the pipes 13 and 14 are imbedded as before described. The upper end of the drum, in each case communicates, or opens into the lower end of its respective upright header, 8'. There may be one or several of the drums, 34 for each header 8', depending upon the size of the parts; and always bearing in mind that the several drums 34 must be spaced apart in order that the gases may pass between them and reach the space that contains the tubes 30. For each drum 34 I provide a substantially triangular waterleg, 36, which in itself resembles the well known Nicholson thermicsyphon. The top of the waterleg, 36, opens directly into the bottom of the drum 34; the neck, 36 of the leg, is connected to the cross header 33, and draws water therefrom. Obviously the several walls or syphons, 36, are separated by wide flame passages and that in this particular the suppression of combustion in the chamber 37 is obviated. It should be noted that the several parts of this boiler are so flexibly connected as to avoid any detrimental eflects from expansion and contraction. The boiler of Fig. 4 will be found to be of great advantage where boilers of low cost, high capacity and small size are required.

Various modifications of this invention will readily suggest themselves to one who is skilled inthe art, and therefore it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to the specific structures herein disclosed.

Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters 7 Patent 1. A casing or setting containing a tall combustion chamber admitting'of the substantially natural maturity therein of the flame of a body of long flaming fire, in combination with a steam boiler comprising a radiant heat absorbing portion in said chamber and a convected heat absorbing portion positioned above said chamber to receive the hot gases therefrom, said radiant heat ab sorbing portion including opposed parallel header members near the bottom of said chamber, parallel horizontally extending intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber and a minor extent of heat absorbing circulating tubes rising from said header members to said drums and widely spaced in and across-said chamber, and said convected heat absorbing portion including upright wall forming header members connected to the ends of said intermediate drums, a major extent of substantially horizontally extending heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said upright header members, and a superheater member located above said intermediate drums and below said horizontally extending circulating tubes. 7

2. A casing or setting containing a tall combustion chamber admittin of the substantially natural maturity t erein of the flame of a body of long flaming fire, in combination with a steam boiler comprising a radiant heat absorbing portion and a convected heat absorbing portion positioned above said chamber to receive the hot gases therefrom, said radiant heat absorbing portion including opposed horizontal headers near the bottom of said chamber together with intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber and a minor extent of heat absorbing circulating tubes rising from above said intermediate drums and below' said horizontally extending circulating tubes. V

3. A casing or setting containing a tall combustion chamber admitting of the substantially natural maturity therein of the flame of a body of long flaming fire, in combination with a steam boiler, including a radiant heat absorbing portion and-a convected heat absorbing portion positioned above said chamber to receive the hot gases therefrom, said radiant heat absorbing portion including opposed parallel header members near the bottom of said 'chambenparallel horizontally extending intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber, and a minor extent'of heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said header members and drums and extending into the flame in said chamber to thereby increase-its radiant area and permit it to rise to substantially 'natural maturity in said chamber, and said convected heat absorbing portion including upright wall formlng header members connected to the ends of said intermediate drums, a major extent of substantially horimembers, return tubes connecting said up right header, members and said opposed header members, and a superheater member located above said intermediate drums and below said horizontally extending 'circulat ing tubes. g Y I i. A casing or setting containing a tall combustion chamber admitting of the sub stantially natural maturity therein of the flame of a body of long flaming fire, in combination with a steam boiler, including a radiant heat absorbingportion and a convected heat absorbing portion positioned abovesaid chamber to receive the hot gases therefrom, said radiant heat absorbing portion including opposed parallel header members near the bottom of saidchamber parallel horizontally extending intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber,

anda minor extent of heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said header members and drums and extending intothe flame in said chamber tothereby increase its radiant area and permit it to rise to substantially natural maturity in said chamber, and said convected heat absorbing portion including parallel, horizontally extending upper drums, upright wall forming header members connecting the ends t said upper and intermediate drums, a major extent of substantially horizontally extending heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said upright header 'members,return tubes, connecting said upright header members and saidjopposed header members, and a superheater member located-above said intermediate drums and below said horizontally ex- 7 tending circulating tubes.

5. A casing or setting containing a tall combustion chamber admitting of the substantially natural maturity therein of the flame of a body of long flaming fire, in combination with a. steam boiler comprising a radiant heat absorbing portion in said chamber and a convected heat absorbing portion positioned above said chamber to receive the hot gases therefrom, said radiant heat absorbing portion including headers near the bottom of said chamber, together with parallel intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber and a minor extent of radiant heat absorbing circulating tubes constantially natural maturity therein of the flame of a body of long flaming fire, in combination witha steam'boiler comprising a radiant heat absorbing portion in said chamber and a convected heat absorbing portion positioned above said chamber, said radiant heat absorbing portion including opposed horizontal headers near the bottom of saidchamber together with parallel intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber, and a minor extent of heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said headers to said drums and extending within said chamber and said convected heat absorbing portion including upper drums together with upright wall forming headers connecting the ends ofsaid upper and intermediate drums, and a major extent of convected heat absorbing circulating tubes joining said upright header members, and a superheater member positioned transversely between last mentioned tubes and said intermediate drums.

7. A casing orsetting containing a tall combustion chamber admitting of the substantially natural maturity therein of the flame of a body of long flaming fire, in combination with a steam boiler, including a radiant heat absorbing portion and a convected heat absorbing portion positioned above said chamber to receive the hot gases therefrom, said radiant heat absorbing portion including opposed parallel header members near the bottom of saidchamber, parallel horizontally extending intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber, and a minor extent of heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said header mem bers and drums and extending into the flame in said chamber to thereby. increase its radiant area and permit it to rise to substantially natural maturity in saidchamber and said convected heat absorbing portion including upright wall forming header members connected to the ends of said intermediate drums, a major extent of substantially V horizontally extending heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said upright header members, return tubes connecting said upright header members and said opposed header members, and'a supeiheater member extending transversely of the'horizontally extending circulating tubes and. positioned between the same and said hori zontally extending intermediate drums.

8. A casing or setting containing a. tall combustion chamber admitting of the substantially natural maturity therein of the flame of abody of long flaming lire, in combination with a steam boiler, including a radiant heat absorbing portion and a convected heat absorbing portion positioned above said chamber to receive the hot gases therefrom, said radiant heat absorbing portion including opposed parallel header members near the bottom of chamber, parallel born zontally extending intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber, and a minor extentof heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said header members and drums and extending into the flame in said chamber to thereby increase its radiant area and permit it to rise to substantially natural maturity in said chamber, and said convected heat absorbing portion including parallel, horizontally extending upper drums, upright wall forming header members connecting the ends of said upper and intermediate drums, a major extent of substantially horizontally extending heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said upright header members, return tubes connecting said upright header members and said opposed header members, and a superheater member extending transversely of the horizontally extending circulating tubes and positioned between the same and said horizontally extending intermediate drums.

9. A steam generator of the type claimed in claim 2, having the superheater situated transversely to the circulating tubes in the convected heat section.

10. A steam generator comprising a casing or setting containing a tall combustion cham ber admitting of the substantially natural maturity therein of the flame of a body or" long flaming fire, in combination with a steam boiler, comprising a radiant heat absorbing portion in said chamber and a convected heat absorbing portion positioned above said chamber to receive the hot gases therefrom, said radiant heat absorbing portion including opposed parallel header members near the bottom of said chamber together with bottom forming parallel horizontally extending intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber, and a minor extent of heat absorbing riser elements widely spaced within said chamber and connecting said header members and drums, and said convected heat absorbing portion including upright wall forming tubes in the convected heat section lying in.

a plane or planes at right angles thereto.

11. A steam generator comprising a cas I ing or setting containing a tall combustion chamber admitting of the substantially natural maturity therein of the flame of abody of long flaming fire, in combination with a steam boiler, including a radiant'heat absorbing portion and a convected heat absorbing portion positioned above said chamber to receive the hot gases therefrom, said radiant heat absorbing portion including opposed parallel header members near the bottom of said chamber, parallel horizontally extending intermediate drums in the upper portion of said chamber, and a minor extent of heat absorbing circulating tubes connecting said header members and drums and extending into the flame in said chamber to thereby increase its radiant area and permit it to rise to substantially natural maturity in said chamber, and said convected heat absorbing portion including parallel, horizontally extending upper drums, upright wall forming header members connecting the ends of said upper and intermediate drums, a major extent of substantially horizontally extending heat absorbin circulating tubes connecting said uprig t header members, and return tubes connecting said upright and horizontally extending header members, in combination with a superheater member located above said. intermediate drums and below said circulating tubes.

In testimony whereof I hereto aflix my signature.

CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY. 

